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Friedrich Ebert (4 February 1871 28 February 1925) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the first President of Germany from 1919 until his death in office in 1925. Ebert was elected leader of the SPD on the death of August Bebel, and the SPD later became deeply divided because Ebert led it to support war loans for World War I. A moderate social democrat, Ebert was in favour of the ''Burgfrieden'', in which domestic political squabbles were put aside and all forces in society were expected to support the war effort. He tried to isolate those in the party opposed to the war but could not prevent a split. Ebert was a pivotal figure in the German Revolution of 1918-19. When Germany became a republic, he was its first chancellor. His policies at this time were primarily aimed at restoring peace and order and at containing the more extreme elements of the revolutionary left. For this he allied himself with conservative and nationalistic political forces, in particular with the leadership of the military under General Wilhelm Groener and the right wing ''Freikorps''. With their help, Ebert's government crushed a number of leftist uprisings that were pursuing goals that were similar to those of the SPD. This has made him a controversial historical figure. ==Early life== Ebert was born in Heidelberg on 4 February 1871 as the fourth of six children of the tailor Karl Ebert (1834–92) and his wife Katharina (née Hinkel; 1834–1897).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Biografie Friedrich Ebert (German) )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Biografie Friedrich Ebert (German) )〕 Although he wanted to attend university, this proved impossible due to the lack of funds of his family. He thus trained as a saddle-maker from 1885 to 1888.〔 After he had become a journeyman in 1889 he travelled, according to the German custom, from place to place in Germany, seeing the country and learning fresh details of his trade. In Mannheim, he was introduced by an uncle to the Social Democratic Party and joined the party in 1889.〔 Although Ebert studied the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, he was less interested in ideology than in practical and organisational issues that would improve the lot of the workers then and there.〔 Ebert was on the "black list" of the police due to his political activities, so he kept changing his place of residence. Between 1889 and 1891 he lived in Kassel, Braunschweig, Elberfeld-Barmen, Remscheid, Quakenbrück and Bremen, where he founded and chaired local chapters of the ''Sattlerverband''.〔 After settling in Bremen in 1891, Ebert made a living doing odd jobs.〔 In 1893, he obtained an editorial post on the socialist ''Bremer Bürgerzeitung''. In May 1894, he married Louise Rump (1873–1955), a manual labourer, who had been employed as a housemaid and in labelling boxes and who was active in union work.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Friedrich Ebert (1871-1925).Vom Arbeiterführer zum Reichspräsidenten (German) )〕 He then rented a pub which became a centre of socialist and union activity and was elected party chairman of the Bremen SPD.〔 In 1900, Ebert was appointed a trade-union secretary (''Arbeitersekretär'') and elected a member of the ''Bremer Bürgerschaft'' (comitia of citizens) as representative of the Social Democratic Party. In 1904, Ebert presided over the national convention of the party in Bremen and became better known to a wider public.〔 He became a leader of the "moderate" wing of the Social Democratic Party and in 1905 Secretary-General of the SPD, at which point he moved to Berlin.〔 At the time, he was the youngest member of the ''Parteivorstand'' (party executive).〔 Meanwhile, Ebert had run for a Reichstag (parliament of Germany) seat several times in constituencies where the SPD had no chance of winning: 1898 Vechta (Oldenburg), 1903 and 1906 Stade (Province of Hanover).〔 However, in 1912, he was elected to the ''Reichstag'' for the constituency of Elberfeld-Barmen (today part of Wuppertal).〔 This was the election which also made the SPD the strongest party in the ''Reichstag'' with 110 out of a total of 397 members, surpassing the Zentrum. On the death of August Bebel in 1913, Ebert was elected on 20 September as joint party chairman at the convention in Jena with 433 out of 473 votes.〔〔 His co-chairman was Hugo Haase.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Friedrich Ebert」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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